Recent experiment indicated that half-metallic manganites with colossal magnetoresistance effect possess the character of spontaneous phase separation. It is also particle composite systems.

最新的实验观测表明,具有半金属性质和庞磁电阻效应的锰氧化物具有自发的相分离特征,也属于颗粒复合体系。

Though Zener’s famous double exchange theory can explain the ferromagnetism/metal --paramagnetism/insulator transition and colossal magnetoresistance successfully, but it is only qualitatively not quantitatively due to neglecting the existence of polaron formed by lattice distortion in this theory.

虽然Zener在1951提出的双交换理论可以定性的解释铁磁金属态到顺磁绝缘态的转变和超大磁电阻效应,但是在定量上与实验数据相去甚远,因为该理论忽略了由于晶格畸变而产生极化子的影响。